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Flow synthesis of a novel zirconium-based UiO-66 nanofiltration membrane and its performance in the removal

Feichao Wu, Yanling Wang, Xiongfu Zhang

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第4期页码 651-660 doi: 10.1007/s11705-019-1819-y

摘要： In this work, a thin zirconium-based UiO-66 membrane was successfully prepared on an alumina hollow fiber tube by flow synthesis, and was used in an attempt to remove -nitrophenol from water through a nanofiltration process. Two main factors, including flow rate and synthesis time, were investigated to optimize the conditions for membrane growth. Under optimal synthesis conditions, a thin UiO-66 membrane of approximately 2 µm in thickness was fabricated at a flow rate of 4 mL·h for 30 h. The -nitrophenol rejection rate for the as-prepared UiO-66 membrane applied in the removal of -nitrophenol from water was only 78.1% due to the existence of membrane defects caused by coordinative defects during membrane formation. Post-synthetic modification of the UiO-66 membrane was carried out using organic linkers with the same flow approach to further improve the nanofiltration performance. The result showed that the -nitrophenol rejection for the post-modified membrane was greatly improved and reached over 95%. Moreover, the post-modified UiO-66 membrane exhibited remarkable long-term operational stability, which is vital for practical application.

关键词： UiO-66 membrane flow synthesis nanofiltration p-nitrophenol removal

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Synthesis of poly(maleic acid alkylamide-

Jingjing XU, Jun XU, Jie SUN, Shili XING, Li LI, Xuhong GUO

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 74-78 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0542-5

摘要： To improve the flow ability of crude oil with high content of aromatic asphaltenes, new comb-type copolymers of poly(maleic anhydride- - -olefin- -styrene) (MASCs) with different ratios of maleic anhydride (MA) to styrene were designed and synthesized. H NMR and FTIR spectra were used to characterize the chemical structure of the copolymers. The effect of copolymers on the flow ability of model waxy oil and crude oil were studied by rheological method and polarizing light microscopy. Upon the addition of MASCs, the yield stresses of oils were decreased by 1 to 3 orders of magnitude, and the morphology of paraffin crystals were reduced and changed from plates to needles.

关键词： comb-polymers styrene paraffin crystallization flow ability

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Self-sacrificial templating synthesis of flower-like nickel phyllosilicates and its application as high-performance

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第4期页码 484-497 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2074-6

摘要： The nanocomposites of flower-like nickel phyllosilicate particles incorporated into epoxy resin were fabricated via an in-situ mixing process. The flower-like nickel phyllosilicate particles were firstly synthesized using a mild self-sacrificial templating method, and the morphology and lamellar structure were examined carefully. Several properties of mechanical, thermal and tribological responses of epoxy nanocomposites were performed. It was demonstrated that adequate flower-like nickel phyllosilicate particles dispersed well in the matrix, and the nanocomposites displayed enhanced tensile strength and elastic modulus but decreased elongation at break as expected. In addition, friction coefficient and wear rate were increased first and then decreased along with the particle content, and showed the lowest values at a mass fraction of 5%. Nevertheless, the incorporated flower-like nickel phyllosilicate particles resulted in the continuously increasing thermal stability of epoxy resin (EP) nanocomposites. This study revealed the giant potential of flower-like particles in preparing high-quality EP nanocomposites.

关键词： nickel phyllosilicate flow-like structure mechanical property thermal stability tribological performance

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瑞德西韦核碱基单元的连续流合成 Article

郭永兴, 刘敏杰, 姜梅芬, 陶媛, 程荡, 陈芬儿

《工程（英文）》 2023年第21卷第2期页码 92-100 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.029

摘要：

本研究通过五步连续流合成了抗病毒药物瑞德西韦的核碱基单元7-溴吡咯[2,1-f][1‒2,4]三嗪-4-胺。采用间歇式合成化学方法，利用广泛可用且廉价的起始原料吡咯，通过顺序流动操作成功生产了7-溴吡咯[2,1-f][1‒2,4]三嗪-4-胺。在最佳流动条件下，7-溴吡咯[2,1-f][1‒2,4]三嗪-4-胺的分离收率为14.1%，总停留时间为79 min，通量为2.96 g∙h⁻¹,总停留时间明显短于批处理程序中消耗的总时间（大于26.5 h）。在流动中，有利地促进了涉及危险和不稳定的中间体的高度放热的Vilsmeier-Haack 和N-胺化反应、氧化液-液双相转化及需要严格低温条件的溴化反应。这种合成方法的显著特点是，通过部署专用设备和分离单元，将后处理程序完全集成到反应序列中，从而形成一个精简的连续流系统，最大限度地提高整个过程的效率。该方法是一种更环保、更可持续的高效、安全地制备核碱基单元的方法。

关键词：流动化学连续多步合成微反应技术反应分离集成

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八步连续流全合成维生素B₁工艺研究 Article

姜梅芬, 刘敏杰, 李伟剑, 夏应奇, 陈芬儿

《工程（英文）》 2024年第32卷第1期页码 230-239 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2023.01.016

摘要：

维生素B₁作为一种抗利尿和抗氧化剂被广泛应用于医疗保健和食品行业，以维持神经传导、心脏和胃肠道的正常功能。本研究报道了由市售2-氰基乙酰胺进行的维生素B₁的八步连续流全合成工艺。本研究提出的连续流工艺基于化学、工程和设备设计的创新基础，与间歇釜式工艺相比，生产的性能和安全性均有所提高。本文使用各种微通道流反应器、微混合器、连续分离设备和连续过滤器等装置，对连续流合成工艺中的问题和挑战进行了精确的研究和控制，包括混合、意外堵塞、溶剂切换、放热反应和避免副反应等。维生素B1全合成的连续流工艺总停留时间约为3.5小时，产品纯度高，分离产率为47.7%。该八步连续流动技术方案至少涉及绿色化学的六个关键准则。因此，连续流技术的应用对于提高生产安全性、减少废物污染，尤其是提高批量操作的生产效率至关重要。

关键词：维生素B1 连续流合成微反应器连续制造

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Numerical study of internal flow field and flow passage improvement of an inlet particle separator

Florian PAOLI, Tong WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第4期页码 386-397 doi: 10.1007/s11708-011-0156-8

摘要： By performing gas flow field numerical simulations for several inlet Reynolds numbers (from 2 × 10 to 9 × 10 ) and byflow ratios (from 10% to 20%), the present study has proposed to improve the flow passage of an inlet particle separator. An adjacent objective of the study is to lower pressure losses of the inlet particle separator (IPS). No particle has been included in the gas flow for a -epsilon turbulence model. The velocity distribution in different sections and the pressure coefficient along the duct have been analyzed, which indicates that there exist important low-velocity regions and vortices in the separation area. Therefore, the profile of streamlines along the original passage has been considered. This profile illustrated a vacuum region in the same area. All investigations suggest that the separation area is the most critical one for fulfilling the objective on pressure losses limitation. Then the flow passage improvement method has focused on the separation area. An improved shape has been designed in order to suit smoothly to the streamlines in this region. Similar numerical studies as those for the original shape have been conducted on this improved shape, confirming some considerable enhancements compared with the original shape. The significant vortices which appear in the original shape reduce in amount and size. Besides, pressure losses are greatly decreased in both outlets (up to 30% for high Reynolds number) and the flow is uniform at the main outlet. Subsequent engineering surveys could rely on expressions obtained for in both outlets which extend the pressure losses for a wide range of inlet Reynolds numbers. As a result, the numerical calculations demonstrate that the flow passage improvement method applied in this study has succeeded in designing a shape which enhances the flow behavior.

关键词： streamlines pressure losses flow passage improvement inlet particle separator (IPS)

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Automated synthesis of steady-state continuous processes using reinforcement learning

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2022年第16卷第2期页码 288-302 doi: 10.1007/s11705-021-2055-9

摘要： Automated flowsheet synthesis is an important field in computer-aided process engineering. The present work demonstrates how reinforcement learning can be used for automated flowsheet synthesis without any heuristics or prior knowledge of conceptual design. The environment consists of a steady-state flowsheet simulator that contains all physical knowledge. An agent is trained to take discrete actions and sequentially build up flowsheets that solve a given process problem. A novel method named SynGameZero is developed to ensure good exploration schemes in the complex problem. Therein, flowsheet synthesis is modelled as a game of two competing players. The agent plays this game against itself during training and consists of an artificial neural network and a tree search for forward planning. The method is applied successfully to a reaction-distillation process in a quaternary system.

关键词： automated process synthesis flowsheet synthesis artificial intelligence machine learning reinforcement learning

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物质流分析的跟踪观察法

陆钟武

《中国工程科学》 2006年第8卷第1期页码 18-25

摘要：

流动，是物质（如铜、铝等）流动和流体流动二者所具有的基本特征，基于这个论点，简要地回顾了流体力学中研究流体流动的两种方法，即拉格朗日法和欧拉法；相应地提出了物质流分析的两种方法，即跟踪观察法和定点观察法。由于前者在文献中未见报道，因此对它进行了重点说明。强调了物质流的跟踪观察法既适用于稳态物质流（产品产量不变），也适用于非稳态物质流（产品产量增长或下降）。以钢铁产品生命周期的铁流图为例，说明了物质流的跟踪模型。在引入了物质流的非稳度后，提出了物质流各项指标的计算式，以及它们之间的相互关系。以瑞典铅酸电池系统为对象，计算了其中铅流的各项指标，并进行了必要的分析。

关键词：物质流的研究方法物质流的跟踪观察法物质流的基本公式物质流的非稳度

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UPFC setting to avoid active power flow loop considering wind power uncertainty

Shenghu LI, Ting WANG

《能源前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第1期页码 165-175 doi: 10.1007/s11708-020-0686-z

摘要： The active power loop flow (APLF) may be caused by impropriate network configuration, impropriate parameter settings, and/or stochastic bus powers. The power flow controllers, e.g., the unified power flow controller (UPFC), may be the reason and the solution to the loop flows. In this paper, the critical existence condition of the APLF is newly integrated into the simultaneous power flow model for the system and UPFC. Compared with the existing method of alternatively solving the simultaneous power flow and sensitivity-based approaching to the critical existing condition, the integrated power flow needs less iterations and calculation time. Besides, with wind power fluctuation, the interval power flow (IPF) is introduced into the integrated power flow, and solved with the affine Krawcyzk iteration to make sure that the range of active power setting of the UPFC not yielding the APLF. Compared with Monte Carlo simulation, the IPF has the similar accuracy but less time.

关键词： active power loop flow (APLF) unified power flow controller (UPFC) wind power uncertainty interval power flow (IPF)

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Effect of potassium carbonate on catalytic synthesis of calcium carbide at moderate temperature

Dejun SHI, Ke QIAO, Zifeng YAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第3期页码 372-375 doi: 10.1007/s11705-010-0570-1

摘要： Calcium carbide was successfully synthesized by carbothermal reduction of lime with coke at 1973 K for 1.5 h. The effect of potassium carbonate as additive on the composition and morphology of the product was investigated using X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscope. Addition of potassium carbonate increased the yield of calcium carbide. The sample in the presence of potassium carbonate generated acetylene gas of 168.3 L/kg, which was 10% higher than that in the absence of potassium carbonate. This result confirmed the catalytic effect of potassium carbonate on the synthesis of calcium carbide. A possible mechanism of the above effects was that the additive, which was melted at the reduction temperature, dissolved CaO and so promoted the contact between CaO and carbon, which was essential for the solid-solid reaction to form calcium carbide.

关键词： calcium carbide synthesis catalysis

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A novel flow electrode capacitive deionization device with spindle-shaped desalting chamber

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第18卷第4期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-024-1800-y

摘要：

● A spindle-shaped influent chamber was designed and equipped in FCDI system.

关键词： Spindle-shaped chamber Desalination performance Flow electrode capacitive deionization

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Simulation of horizontal slug-flow pneumatic conveying with kinetic theory

GU Zhengmeng, GUO Liejin

《能源前沿（英文）》 2007年第1卷第3期页码 336-340 doi: 10.1007/s11708-007-0050-6

摘要： Wavelike slug-flow is a representative flow type in horizontal pneumatic conveying. Kinetic theory was introduced to establish a 3D kinetic numerical model for wavelike slug gas-solid flow in this paper. Wavelike motion of particulate slugs in horizontal pipes was numerically investigated. The formation and motion process of slugs and settled layer were simulated. The characteristics of the flow, such as pressure drop, air velocity distribution, slug length and settled layer thickness, and the detailed changing characteristics of slug length and settled layer thickness with air velocity were obtained. The results indicate that kinetic theory can represent the physical characteristics of the non-suspension dense phase flow of wavelike slug pneumatic conveying. The experiment in this paper introduced a new idea for the numerical calculation of slug-flow pneumatic conveying.

关键词： velocity distribution detailed slug-flow gas-solid theory

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Study on a green synthesis of

Aixin WANG, Yuanbin SHE, Jing FAN

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第2期页码 219-221 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0058-z

摘要： A novel method for the synthesis of -oxo-bis[tetraarylporphyrinatoiron] ([TRPPFe] O) based on the reaction between tetraarylporphyrinironchloride (TRPPFeCl) and H O in toluene was investigated in this paper. Three kinds of [TRPPFe] O were synthesized by this novel synthetic method, and their structures were characterized by elemental analysis, IR spectra and UV-Vis spectroscopy.

关键词： μ-oxo-bis[tetraarylphenylporphinatoiron] green synthesis water

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Characterization and comparison of organic functional groups effects on electrolyte performance for vanadium redox flow

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年第17卷第9期页码 1221-1230 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2298-8

摘要： The vanadium redox flow battery with a safe and capacity-controllable large-scale energy storage system offers a new method for the sustainability. In this case, acetic acid, methane sulfonic acid, sulfonic acid, amino methane sulfonic acid, and taurine are used to overcome the low electrolyte energy density and stability limitations, as well as to investigate the effects of various organic functional groups on the vanadium redox flow battery. When compared to the pristine electrolyte (0.22 Ah, 5.0 Wh·L^–1, 85.0%), the results show that taurine has the advantage of maintaining vanadium ion concentrations, discharge capacity (1.43 Ah), energy density (33.9 Wh·L^–1), and energy efficiency (90.5%) even after several cycles. The acetic acid electrolyte is more conducive to the low-temperature stability of the V(II) electrolyte (177 h at −25 °C) than pristine (82 h at −2 °C). The –SO₃H group, specifically the coaction of the –NH₂ and –SO₃H groups, improves electrolyte stability. The –NH₂ and –COOH additive groups improved conductivity and electrochemical activity.

关键词： vanadium redox flow battery functional groups organic additives energy density stability

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Experimental study on combined buoyant-thermocapillary flow along with rising liquid film on the surface

Manuel J. GOMES, Ning MEI

《能源前沿（英文）》 2020年第14卷第1期页码 114-126 doi: 10.1007/s11708-017-0483-5

摘要： Temperature distribution and variation with time has been considered in the analysis of the influences of the initial level of immersion of a horizontal metallic mesh tube in the liquid on combined buoyant and thermo-capillary flow. The combined flow occurs along with the rising liquid film flow on the surface of a horizontal metallic mesh tube. Three different levels of immersion of the metallic mesh tube in the liquid have been tested. Experiments of 60 min in duration have been performed using a heating metallic tube with a diameter of 25 mm and a length of 110 mm, sealed outside with a metallic mesh of 178 mm by 178 mm, and distilled water. These reveal two distinct flow patterns. Thermocouples and infrared thermal imager are utilized to measure the temperature. The level of the liquid free surface relative to the lower edge of the tube is measured as angle . The results show that for a smaller angle, or a low level of immersion, with a relatively low heating power, it is possible to near fully combine the upwards buoyant flow with the rising liquid film flow. In this case, the liquid is heated only in the vicinity of the tube, while the liquid away from the flow region experiences small changes in temperature and the system approaches steady conditions. For larger angles, or higher levels of immersion, a different flow pattern is noticed on the liquid free surface and identified as the thermo-capillary (Marangoni) flow. The rising liquid film is also present. The higher levels of immersion cause a high temperature gradient in the liquid free surface region and promote thermal stratification; therefore the system could not approach steady conditions.

关键词： rising liquid film combined flow thermo-capillary flow buoyant flow metallic mesh tube horizontal tube